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91.
Protocols were developed for regeneration and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Actinidia eriantha Benth. A. eriantha has a number of features that make it a useful tool for functional genomics in Actinidia: the vines are relatively small and non-vigorous in nature, flowers form all over the vine including on lower axillary branches
and the species flowers prolifically in greenhouse conditions. Flowering and fruiting of transgenic A. eriantha plants was obtained within 2 years of transformation in a containment greenhouse. GUS (β-glucuronidase) activity indicating stable expression of the uidA gene was observed in leaf, stem, root, petal and fruit tissues. Molecular evidence for incorporation of transgenes into
the A. eriantha genome was obtained by PCR and DNA gel blot analysis. Inheritance of transgenic phenotypes was demonstrated in seedling progeny.
Functional genomic studies in kiwifruit have been initiated using transgenic A. eriantha plants.
Communicated by F. Sato 相似文献
92.
Brunella Morandi Luigi Manfrini Pasquale Losciale Marco Zibordi Luca Corelli Grappadelli 《Annals of botany》2010,105(6):913-923
Background and Aims
The kiwifruit berry is characterized by an early stage of rapid growth, followed by a relatively long stage of slow increase in size. Vascular and transpiration flows are the main processes through which water and carbon enter/exit the fruit, determining the daily and seasonal changes in fruit size. This work investigates the biophysical mechanisms underpinning the change in fruit growth rate during the season.Methods
The daily patterns of phloem, xylem and transpiration in/outflows have been determined at several stages of kiwifruit development, during two seasons. The different flows were quantified by comparing the diurnal patterns of diameter change of fruit, which were then girdled and subsequently detached while measurements continued. The diurnal courses of leaf and stem water potential and of fruit pressure potential were also monitored at different times during the season.Key Results
Xylem and transpiration flows were high during the first period of rapid volume growth and sharply decreased with fruit development. Specific phloem import was lower and gradually decreased during the season, whereas it remained constant at whole-fruit level, in accordance with fruit dry matter gain. On a daily basis, transpiration always responded to vapour pressure deficit and contributed to the daily reduction of fruit hydrostatic pressure. Xylem flow was positively related to stem-to-fruit pressure potential gradient during the first but not the last part of the season, when xylem conductivity appeared to be reduced.Conclusions
The fruit growth model adopted by this species changes during the season due to anatomical modifications in the fruit features. 相似文献93.
94.
Kiwifruit cysteine proteinase inhibitors (KCPIs) were purified from the cortex and seeds of kiwifruit after inactivation of the abundant cortex cysteine proteinase actinidain. One major (KCPI1) and four minor cystatins were identified from Actinidia deliciosa ripe mature kiwifruit cortex as well as a seed KCPI from A. chinensis. The predominant cortex cystatin, KCPI1, inhibited clan CA, family C1 (papain family) cysteine proteinases (papain, chymopapain, bromelain, ficin, human cathepsins B, H and L, actinidain and the house dust mite endopeptidase 1), while cysteine proteinases belonging to other families, [clostripain (C11), streptopain (C10) and calpain (C2)] were not inhibited. Inhibition constants (K(I)) ranged between 0.001 nM for cathepsin L and 0.98 nM for endopeptidase 1. The K(I) (14 nM) for KCPI1 inhibiting actinidain is at least 2 orders of magnitude higher than for other plant proteinases measured. The cortex KCPI1 and a seed KCPI purified from seeds had the same N-terminal sequence (VAAGGWRPIESLNSAEVQDV). BLAST-matching the peptide sequence against an in-house generated Actinidia EST database, identified 81 cDNAs that exactly matched the measured KCPI1 peptide sequence. Peptide sequences of two other cortex KCPIs each exactly matched a predicted peptide sequence of a cDNA from kiwifruit. The predicted peptide sequence of KCPI1 of 116 amino acids encodes a signal peptide and does not contain cysteine. Without the signal peptide (mature protein), KCPI1 has a molecular mass of approximately 11 kDa, possesses the consensus sequence characteristic for the phytocystatins and shows the highest homology to a cystatin from Citrusxparadisi (52% identity). This is the first report of phytocystatins from the Ericales. 相似文献
95.
This paper presents two models of budbreak on canes of 'Hayward' kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa). A conventional 'chill unit' (CU) type model is compared with an alternative 'loss of potential' (LOP) approach, which assumes that the number of buds developing in spring depends on climate and node position-dependent bud-to-bud interactions that vary in duration and intensity. Both models describe how temperature, and application of a dormancy-breaking chemical, determine the overall amount of budbreak for whole canes. However, the LOP model does so by describing patterns of budbreak along canes. To do this, the cumulative influence of distal neighbours is assumed to cause a progressive fall in the capacity for bud development over the autumn-winter period, an influence that gets stronger as temperature rises. The LOP model also assumes that the rate of decline varies along the cane, as a function of some inherent bud property. These two factors mean that buds towards the base of the cane break less often under the suppressive influence of distal neighbours, while low temperature ('chilling') increases budbreak by diminishing the intensity of suppression relative to bud development rate. Under this scenario, dormancy-breaking chemicals (such as hydrogen cyanamide, HC) enhance budbreak by diminishing the duration of suppression. Models were calibrated using daily temperature series and budbreak proportion data from a multi-year regional survey, and were then tested against independent data sets. Both models were run from a fixed start date until the time budbreak was almost complete, or until a standard date. The fitted models described 87 % of variation in amount of budbreak due to site, year, HC and node position effects in the original data set. Results suggest that the correlation between chilling and the amount of budbreak can be interpreted as a population-based phenomenon based on interaction among buds. 相似文献
96.
97.
Restriction-site variation of PCR-amplified chloroplast DNA regions and its implication for the evolution and taxonomy of Actinidia 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
G. Cipriani R. Testolin R. Gardner 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1998,96(3-4):389-396
Twenty six restriction sites from five PCR-amplified chloroplast DNA sequences (rbcL, psbA, rpoB, and two spacers flanking the trnL gene) were mapped and analysed in 20 Actinidia taxa, encompassing all four sections into which the genus is divided. At least three species out of the 20 examined have
been found to have originated through natural interspecific hybridisation on the basis of the discrepancy between morphological
and biochemical traits and the cpDNA profiles of pairs of species. A widely reticulate evolution has therefore been postulated
in Actinidia. Wagner and weighted parsimony analysis produced consensus trees that did not match the traditional taxonomy based on morphological
characters. The molecular data clearly showed that some taxa, such as A. rufa and A. kolomikta, occupy a wrong position and most, if not all, of the traditional groups represented by sections and series are weakly supported,
since they appear as polyphyletic. A. chinensis and A. deliciosa were confirmed to be very closely related. Since chloroplast DNA is paternally inherited in Actinidia, A. chinensis is a paternal progenitor, if not the only one, of A. deliciosa, the domesticated kiwifruit.
Received: 18 August 1997 / Accepted: 6 October 1997 相似文献
98.
中国芦荟染色体核型分析 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7
以中国芦荟为试验材料,按常规染色体压片法,观察中期分裂相并进行显微摄影。染色体类型按Levan方法分类,其核型为K(2n)=6st+8sm。 相似文献
99.
100.
报道了寄生在猕猴桃科(Actinidiaceae)猫人参ActinidiavalvataDunn上的新种连云港球针壳PhyllactinialianyungangensisS.J.Gu&Y.S.Zhangsp.nov,新分类单位有汉文和拉丁文描述,并附有讨论。 相似文献